The impact of widespread groundwater-fed irrigation and increased recharge on arsenic (As) mobilization in shallow (<50 m below ground level) groundwater remains unclear. A generalized regression model (GRM) has been constructed to describe observed spatial variations in As concentrations in shallow groundwater throughout Bangladesh. The GRM reveals that, at the national scale, an overall increase in groundwater-fed irrigation of 1 mm/yr (1985 to 1999) is associated with a 5% lower mean As concentration in shallow groundwater. A negative association is observed between As concentrations and net changes in groundwater recharge between periods prior to (1975 to 1980) and after (1995 to 1999) the development of groundwater-fed irrigation. In summary, the study demonstrates that: (1) As concentrations are higher where the surface geology inhibits increases in groundwater recharge in response to irrigation; and (2) As concentrations are lower where recharge fluxes have increased in response to irrigation. This analysis indicates further where increases in recharge can flush mobile As from shallow groundwater in Bangladesh.