Page No: 147-158, ISBN: 978-984-35-2570-3

Farhana Akter¹

1.  Introduction

Today’s businesses are undergoing a massive transition from old, outdat- ed technology to new ones. The new ones are very rapidly forming, and businesses that are going to be successful must adapt to this shift. Robotic Process Automation (RPA) uses robotic technology to automate various repetitive tasks in business. RPA is gaining popularity due to its ability to decrease costs, streamline processes, and improve customer experiences. Another benefit of RPA software is that it may be implemented without the need for business units to learn new tools or seek information technology (IT) help, as well as without modifying the underlying IT architecture of a company. As the popularity of RPA increases, enterprises will need to integrate RPA process automation into their IT platforms. Although RPA automatics can accelerate a previously managed business process substan- tially, it may be unacceptable if applications or processes change.

2.  Definition of RPA in the Human Resource Department (HRD)

Businesses utilize robotic technology to automate numerous repetitive ac- tivities via RPA. The RPA-simplified HR operational procedures include employee interactions, recruitment, selection, training and development, benefits and remuneration and………….

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Page No: 137-146, ISBN: 978-984-35-2570-3

Nadia Newaz Rimi, PhD.¹

Razib Hossain¹

This chapter examines how individuals explore a suitable career that fits their characteristics. It discusses the domains of careers and personality. It also explores the link between personality and career choice. In examining these issues, this chapter discusses the contemporary concepts of personality. Then, in this chapter, the author mentions different theories of personality and discusses the Big Five Model and the RIASEC Model of Personality.  It reviews the various definitions of “career” and tries     to discuss the different career choices of individuals. Then, it presents empirical evidence regarding the relationship between personality traits and career choice. It also tries to conclude with the analysis of career choice and personality matching. After studying the chapter, the reader can answer questions like: Is it essential to have a definite personality when choosing a career?

Introduction

Selecting a career that is a good fit for one’s personality is considered a key determinant for future success in the workplace. Different jobs are better suited to different personalities. So, one should be cautious while selecting a career (Alwis, 2018). Personality, abilities, intelligence, background, attitudes, perceptions, motivation, culture, roles they play, gender, race, and disability are all variables that distinguish individuals. These factors are the primary contributors to individual behavior. People desire to pick a profession that best suits their abilities. A career provides a person with identity and status. It boosts a person’s self-esteem, creates a sense of belonging, and makes it easier to form relationships with other members of society. For these reasons, a career is crucial for individuals. It raises the issue of the right career choice (Alkhelil, 2016).

What is Personality?

Personality is the sum of how an individual reacts to and interacts with others. Personality refers to measurable traits that a person exhibits (Robbins and Judge, 2019). Britannica (2002) defines personality as a……….

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Page No: 107-119, ISBN: 978-984-35-2570-3

Tanisha Bukth¹

Md. Ali Akkas²

The Phenomenon of Career Depression

We use the word career all time, but what does it really mean? It has different meanings. It can be viewed from the different perspectives. It is a job or profession that someone does for a long time. It is also used to refer to the series of jobs an individual has over his or her lifetime. It also means advancement. A career describes an individual’s journey through learning, work and other aspect of life. A career is defined as the unfolding sequence of a person’s work experiences over time (Arthur et al., 2005; Arnold & Cohen, 2008). A career is typically undertaken as a permanent calling and is expected to produce progressive achievement over the course of one’s life.

In fact, it is the aspiration for a successful career that motivates most human beings to pursue education. Yet, despite availing of tertiary level education from universities and securing jobs upon graduation, many graduates develop disillusionment and dissatisfaction surrounding their careers. In some cases, lack of contentment takes a more severe form known as career depression.

Depression is one of the most common mental ailments among adults (Richards, 2011). It is a disorder that affects the………

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Page No: 81-89, ISBN: 978-984-35-2570-3

Saira Banu¹

Md. Mesbah Uddin, PhD²

Introduction

Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) have been regarded as the most important sector of any economy. In this era of globalization, the interna- tionalisation of the SMEs has become critical. At present, the studies on the internationalisation of the SMEs have attracted growing interests of the researchers. Several studies focused on SME internationalisation and its drivers in the last few decades. Among them, effectuation has emerged as an important theory for the creation of new ventures and it also plays a pivotal role in the internationalisation of the SMEs. In 2001, Sarasvathy introduced effectuation theory and it is now at the intermediate stage of development (Matalamäki, 2017). Primarily, effectuation theory explains two opposite logics (causation and effectuation) used by the expert entre- preneurs in decision making. Effectuation explains working on the means given to the effectuator and trying to explore possible effects from those means. The effectuator always tries to identify and exploit new opportuni- ties in the entrepreneurial process. This section addresses hitherto under- explored area of internationalisation where effectuation is used in explain- ing the trajectory of the SME internationalisation.

There are five principles in the effectuation theory: the bird-in-hand princi- ple, the affordable loss principle, the patchwork quilt principle, the lemon- ade principle, and the pilot-in-the plane principle (Sarasvathy, 2001). The bird-in-hand principle focuses on the means (identity, knowledge and net- work) and the inputs from the stakeholders who are actually committed. Here, the effectuator needs to decide what he/she can do with the available means those are under his / her control. The affordable principle depicts how much an effectuator can lose to start a new venture. In addition, he/ she needs to focus on his/ her financial and psychological condition, when the effectuator thinks about affordable loss. Moreover, the affordable loss……….

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Page No: 61-80, ISBN: 978-984-35-2570-3

Lamiya Rahman1

Introduction

The last few years have been marked by the disruption of technologies (National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, 2010). To keep pace with the development of technology, the business world   is continuously changing. Rapid changes in the industry are the result    of continuous improvement in ICT (Information and Communication Technology). Over the centuries, the world has witnessed different industrial revolutions which are evident by various technological breakthroughs. The latest revolution that has taken place in the business sector is the fourth industrial revolution (4IR). 4IR has impacted the business environment in both ways, positive and negative. Therefore, all the business stakeholders need to adapt accordingly to keep themselves competitive, to utilize the opportunities from the positive impacts, and to confront the threats.

4IR will have a great impact on the global workforce due to the adoption of artificial intelligence and automation. Few sectors (manufacturing, logistics, retail, wholesale, and lower-skilled occupations) will shift to vulnerable positions but jobs requiring human interaction, high degree of imagination, creative analysis and strategic thinking, supply of personalized services, and training and education sector will gain during 4IR (Sun, 2018). The World Economic Forum reports that 50% of companies believe that this adoption will decrease their full-time employees by 2030, 38% of businesses believe that new productivity enhancing jobs will be carried out by their employees and 25% think that new roles will be emerged (World Economic Forum, 2018). So, employees will need to upskill or shift their specialization to new disciplines. Therefore, it can be said that the recruitment industry will have a significant impact on 4IR. That is why managers need to focus on bringing changes to different managerial issues to stay in the game.

This chapter has covered the meaning and different phases of the industrial revolution, skill, characteristics, and intelligence required by company leaders and employees, practices that must be performed by………

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Page No: 61-80, ISBN: 978-984-35-2570-3

Mohammad Thoufiqul Islam, PhD¹

Mohammad Tamzid²

Introduction

Artificial Intelligence (AI), a key component of the Industrial Revolution 4.0, has become a hot topic in a variety of areas, including corporate management. Marketing, human resource management (HRM) and manufacturing are some of the sectors where AI and machine learning are currently being used (Son, Lee & Chang, 2019). In HRM, technology has been utilized to improve employee engagement, provide customized vocational training and evaluate diverse HR data in order to make business-critical choices (Dorel & Aleksandra, 2011). The use of these technological solutions in the HRM sector is a unique situation since it has always been viewed as a human realm that deals specifically with people (Lengnick-Hall et al., 2009).

AI has the potential to revolutionize HR processes in areas where there  is sufficient data and where that data can be used to increase efficiency, communicate at scale, give suggestions, and anticipate outcomes since AI- based solutions can predict, recommend, and communicate based on data. With the use of AI-driven technologies, many organizations now have a wealth of data about applicants and workers that can be used to

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